Monday, May 6, 2013

Monell scientists identify critical link in mammalian odor detection

Monell scientists identify critical link in mammalian odor detection [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 6-May-2013
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Contact: Leslie Stein
stein@monell.org
267-519-4707
Monell Chemical Senses Center

Knockout of Ggamma13 leads to anosmia in mice

PHILADELPHIA (May 6, 2013) Researchers at the Monell Center and collaborators have identified a protein that is critical to the ability of mammals to smell. Mice engineered to be lacking the Ggamma13 protein in their olfactory receptors were functionally anosmic unable to smell. The findings may lend insight into the underlying causes of certain smell disorders in humans.

"Without Ggamma13, the mice cannot smell," said senior author Liquan Huang, PhD, a molecular biologist at Monell. "This raises the possibility that mutations in the Ggamma13 gene may contribute to certain forms of human anosmia and that gene sequencing may be able to predict some instances of smell loss."

Odor molecules entering the nose are sensed by a family of olfactory receptors. Inside the receptor cells, a complex cascade of molecular interactions converts information to ultimately generate an electrical signal. This signal, called an action potential, is what tells the brain that an odor has been detected.

To date, the identities of some of the intracellular molecules that convert odor information into an action potential remain a mystery. Suspecting that a protein called Ggamma13 might be involved, the research team engineered mice to be lacking this protein and then tested how the 'knockout' mice responded to odors.

Importantly, because the Ggamma13 protein plays critical roles in other parts of the body, the Ggamma13 'knockout' was confined exclusively to smell receptor cells. This specificity allowed the researchers to characterize the effect of Ggamma13 deletion on the olfactory system without interference from changes in other tissues.

Both behavioral and physiological experiments revealed that the Ggamma13 knockout mice did not respond to odors. The findings were published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

In behavioral tests, control mice with an intact sense of smell were able to detect and retrieve a piece of buried food in less than 30 seconds. However, mice lacking Ggamma13 in their olfactory cells required more than 8 minutes to perform the same task. Both sets of mice were able to quickly locate the food when it was placed in plain sight.

A second set of experiments measured olfactory function on a physiological level. Using olfactory tissue from knockout and control mice, the researchers recorded electrical responses to 15 different odors. Responses from the Ggamma13 knockout mice were greatly reduced, suggesting that the olfactory receptors of these mice were unable to translate odor signals into an electrical response.

Together, the findings demonstrate that Ggamma13 is essential for mammals to smell odors and extend the current understanding of how olfactory receptor cells communicate information about odors to the brain. Future studies will seek to identify how Ggamma13 interacts with other molecules within the olfactory receptor.

"Loss of olfactory function can greatly reduce quality of life," said Huang. "Our findings demonstrate the significant consequences when just one molecular component of this complex system does not function properly."

Also contributing to the research were lead author Feng Li, Samusudeen Ponissery-Saidu, Karen Yee, Hong Wang, Naoko Iguchi, and Johannes Reisert from Monell; Meng-Ling Chen and Genhua Zhang from the Changshu Institute of Technology in China; and Ping Jiang from the Wistar Institute. The research was supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, part of the National Institutes of Health, under award numbers R01DC007487, R01DC009613, and DC010012, and core facility grant P30 DC011735. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Additional funding came from National Science Foundation Equipment Grant DBI-0216310 and National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 31228008.

###

The Monell Chemical Senses Center is an independent nonprofit basic research institute based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Now celebrating its 45th anniversary, Monell advances scientific understanding of the mechanisms and functions of taste and smell to benefit human health and well-being. Using an interdisciplinary approach, scientists collaborate in program areas of sensation and perception; neuroscience and molecular biology; environmental and occupational health; nutrition and appetite; health and well-being; development, aging and regeneration; and chemical ecology and communication. For more information about Monell, visit http://www.monell.org.


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Monell scientists identify critical link in mammalian odor detection [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 6-May-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Leslie Stein
stein@monell.org
267-519-4707
Monell Chemical Senses Center

Knockout of Ggamma13 leads to anosmia in mice

PHILADELPHIA (May 6, 2013) Researchers at the Monell Center and collaborators have identified a protein that is critical to the ability of mammals to smell. Mice engineered to be lacking the Ggamma13 protein in their olfactory receptors were functionally anosmic unable to smell. The findings may lend insight into the underlying causes of certain smell disorders in humans.

"Without Ggamma13, the mice cannot smell," said senior author Liquan Huang, PhD, a molecular biologist at Monell. "This raises the possibility that mutations in the Ggamma13 gene may contribute to certain forms of human anosmia and that gene sequencing may be able to predict some instances of smell loss."

Odor molecules entering the nose are sensed by a family of olfactory receptors. Inside the receptor cells, a complex cascade of molecular interactions converts information to ultimately generate an electrical signal. This signal, called an action potential, is what tells the brain that an odor has been detected.

To date, the identities of some of the intracellular molecules that convert odor information into an action potential remain a mystery. Suspecting that a protein called Ggamma13 might be involved, the research team engineered mice to be lacking this protein and then tested how the 'knockout' mice responded to odors.

Importantly, because the Ggamma13 protein plays critical roles in other parts of the body, the Ggamma13 'knockout' was confined exclusively to smell receptor cells. This specificity allowed the researchers to characterize the effect of Ggamma13 deletion on the olfactory system without interference from changes in other tissues.

Both behavioral and physiological experiments revealed that the Ggamma13 knockout mice did not respond to odors. The findings were published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

In behavioral tests, control mice with an intact sense of smell were able to detect and retrieve a piece of buried food in less than 30 seconds. However, mice lacking Ggamma13 in their olfactory cells required more than 8 minutes to perform the same task. Both sets of mice were able to quickly locate the food when it was placed in plain sight.

A second set of experiments measured olfactory function on a physiological level. Using olfactory tissue from knockout and control mice, the researchers recorded electrical responses to 15 different odors. Responses from the Ggamma13 knockout mice were greatly reduced, suggesting that the olfactory receptors of these mice were unable to translate odor signals into an electrical response.

Together, the findings demonstrate that Ggamma13 is essential for mammals to smell odors and extend the current understanding of how olfactory receptor cells communicate information about odors to the brain. Future studies will seek to identify how Ggamma13 interacts with other molecules within the olfactory receptor.

"Loss of olfactory function can greatly reduce quality of life," said Huang. "Our findings demonstrate the significant consequences when just one molecular component of this complex system does not function properly."

Also contributing to the research were lead author Feng Li, Samusudeen Ponissery-Saidu, Karen Yee, Hong Wang, Naoko Iguchi, and Johannes Reisert from Monell; Meng-Ling Chen and Genhua Zhang from the Changshu Institute of Technology in China; and Ping Jiang from the Wistar Institute. The research was supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, part of the National Institutes of Health, under award numbers R01DC007487, R01DC009613, and DC010012, and core facility grant P30 DC011735. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Additional funding came from National Science Foundation Equipment Grant DBI-0216310 and National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 31228008.

###

The Monell Chemical Senses Center is an independent nonprofit basic research institute based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Now celebrating its 45th anniversary, Monell advances scientific understanding of the mechanisms and functions of taste and smell to benefit human health and well-being. Using an interdisciplinary approach, scientists collaborate in program areas of sensation and perception; neuroscience and molecular biology; environmental and occupational health; nutrition and appetite; health and well-being; development, aging and regeneration; and chemical ecology and communication. For more information about Monell, visit http://www.monell.org.


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-05/mcsc-msi050613.php

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Monday, April 29, 2013

Perry demands apology over newspaper's plant blast cartoon (CNN)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/302311437?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Helpful Tips For Keeping Yourself Healthy | Articles Squad

Getting match is much more than your outward visual appeal. It also encompasses the quality of life, and also long life. You should express the frame of mind that permits you to implement the adaptations necessary to enable you to proper care correctly yourself. Several types of workouts are for sale to make your workout routines new and exciting.

It might be solid motivator to put goals for your personal exercise regimen. Attempting to make an ambition can help you get past obstructions, instead of turning into fixated to them. A target gives you one thing definite to pay attention to. You will be unlikely to stop on hitting the gym for those who have set up an objective yourself and possess managed to get recognized to others.

It is wise to make sure you are prepared to produce a work out strategy a consistent component in your lifetime. While it is great to put targets, you must make sure that you are creating workout a top concern.

Support your body?s normal therapeutic process soon after a powerful workout by ongoing to exercising a similar muscle tissue over the up coming couple of days. Working out muscles will get far more blood working to them, which implies a lot more blood vessels and a lot more nutrition that they need to restore.

Volunteer work is an excellent weight to boost your action levels in addition to help you individuals close to you. Volunteers are important for the various kinds of bodily labour that need to be carried out. This will get you suit and give assist to clingy businesses.

Developing more powerful abs is a superb approach to maximize your health and fitness initiatives. You can achieve this by carrying out morning hours stay-ups with weight loads or perhaps not. Your abdominal muscles work as an anchor for several of the other muscle tissue and in addition decide your torso?s range of motion.

Sometimes seeing a specialist for guidance on your fitness goals is the easiest method to construct one of the most doable and healthful targets. In many cases it is actually beneficial to talk with a nutritionist. They will help you realize how to make healthy choices, and provide you with a game title program to start.

You don?t need to feel all of that shame about watching television in the event you exercise as well. Each time a professional is available on, perform some swift workouts. This method for you to watch your favored demonstrates and function toward increasingly match.

Leg extensions are a simple way to build muscle your quads. A nice, simple workout you could find an equipment for generally in most gyms is lower leg extensions. Press your legs up when you find yourself seated.

You should take time from your working day to workout. Simple changes in your program like, utilizing the staircases at the office instead of the elevator, will prove to add up into exceptional exercise with time.

In case you have decided it is actually time for you start an exercise routine, don?t shed inspiration when you are stuck with boring routines. A variety of routines are present that will help keep you occupied and healthful at the same time. You must take pleasure in your process if you would like continue to be encouraged.

The proper stability of healthy proteins, carbohydrates and healthful fatty acids is required from your physique to ensure you to work out effectively and increase your level of fitness. Your daily diet need to comprise of a bit less than fifty percent premium quality protein, regarding a third complicated carbs and also the remainder ought to be consisting of healthy fatty acids. Each meal you take in ought to have a minumum of one way to obtain healthy proteins, since it is the principal building block for muscle.

When you are performing abdominal crunches, breathe out forcefully at the top of the movement. This causes your ab muscle tissue to function more challenging and burns up an increased level of unhealthy calories. Try this technique to raise the strength of your stomach crunches.

Since the article represents, it?s very easy to obtain fitness effects you will be pleased with in the event you give your very best. Don?t be embarrassed of the body anymore. In the event you keep to the details which has been provided on this page, you should certainly have the results you wish.

There is more information available about how to lose back fat take a look at Dalene S. Massoud?s site there is a lot of details not detailed on this page, visit Author?s blog to uncover more.

Source: http://www.articlessquad.com/helpful-tips-for-keeping-yourself-healthy-3/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=helpful-tips-for-keeping-yourself-healthy-3

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130 juicing for health-blood cleanser, & liver detoxification!

I just started juicing two days ago and i feel great
My? memory came back

?is BANANAS? GOOD i use cellulary brac etc..

hi a dont have a juicer machine cant i use a blender and add water
?

Great queston! Fennel bulb, parsley, mint leaves are my favorite main ingredients? for this problem.

I drink once or? twice per day ; )

how any? time a day you have to drink this I need it to clean my blood

Excuse me but I really need one juice recepie for my stomach I?ve been really bloated and gasie lately hope you could help id appreciate? it very much thank you

My rule of thumb is if I can?t? eat it raw, then I don?t juice it. Rhubarb should not be eaten raw. Thanks for great question!!

Why peel the carrots if you are juicing them? I? don?t know about you but nobody ain?t got time for that.

How do you know what is safe to put in? the juicer and what is not? I know not to put seeds and pits in there because they are toxic ? are there any other fruit/veggie parts you can?t use? Thanks!!!

Doctors cant make money off of Raw Juice and Herbs! They have to sell there Pills to make millions and keep big? Pharma happy! Its all BS!!

Cool but dry area! The crisper in your fridge is where? that is!

thanks? for the recipe can?t wait to try it bless

the juice? is good though. Thanks

water mellon rhine? really?

That makes sense! Now I know how to address the questions, well first of all I really want to commend you on making the decision to start buying vegetables, good job!!
When I buy my vegetables I usually store them in the refrigerator, to keep them longer. I even put my fruits such as oranges, watermelon, apples, etc, to keep them longer. Plus I really like my? produce chilled, If you want them to keep for 2 weeks, I would definitely refrigerate them. Good question!!

Well I suppose it?s more of a general question. See I pretty much never bought vegetables before, so I have no idea whether one stores them outside of a fridge, in an area of room-temperature like with bananas, or would keep them cool? in a refrigerator. I bought them from an organic food store, planning to keep them for around 2 weeks.

Sorry I did not list recipe: 1 large beet, with stems & leafs, 5 peeled carrots,? 3-4 small watermelon rinds, and a bunch of Italian parsley (handful).

What a completely worthless video. You dont tell people? the recipe.

Well, I don?t really know what you mean by better? If you grow them and when ready to eat or drink them that would be preferable, fresh!
But depends in climate? where you live, if too cold or hot, in order to store them would be depending that, and how long you plan to keep them? so I really don?t know what your question is?

Is it better to store the beets in? a fridge or outside?

the exact same recipe was just laid out for you on this very video ; ) I just made one? very similar to this. Love putting the beets in! Love that red colour :)

For a Video compilation of a number of different alternative cancer cures. Go to hub page.com and read the? article called?? Could We Already Have ?THE Cure for Cancer??

Thanks? for sharing ; )

This juice for liver detox looks very interesting. First time I heard of using watermelon rind. The best juicer,? however, is the Norwalk juicer. The alternating current of centrifugal juicer have a negative effect on the health giving, live nutrients given by fruits and vegetables according to Charlotte Gerson?s book. Thanks for sharing.

omg I was? salivating!
I would like the exact recipe please!

omg I was salivating!
I would like the exact recipe? please!

omg I was salivating!
I would like the? exact recipe please!

Source: http://detox.fitnessthroughfasting.com/uncategorized/130-juicing-for-health-blood-cleanser-liver-detoxification.php

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Kershaw?retires 18 straight, Dodgers blank Brewers

By JOE RESNICK

Associated Press

Associated Press Sports

updated 8:16 p.m. ET April 28, 2013

LOS ANGELES (AP) - Clayton Kershaw retired 18 consecutive batters and struck out 12 in eight dominant innings, Carl Crawford homered twice against Kyle Lohse and the Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Milwaukee Brewers 2-0 on Sunday.

Kershaw (3-2) scattered four hits and didn't walk a batter while lowering his ERA to 1.73. The 2011 Cy Young Award winner, who led the NL in ERA in each of the previous two seasons, hasn't allowed more than three earned runs in any of his last 18 starts - the longest active streak in the majors. The last time he did was July 24, 2012, when he gave up eight at St. Louis.

Kershaw stranded runners in scoring position in each of the first two innings, retiring Jonathan Lucroy on a double-play grounder in the first and striking out Martin Maldonado to end the second. He gave up a leadoff double in the eighth to Carlos Gomez, who tried to advance on a broken-bat comebacker to Kershaw and was tagged out by third baseman Juan Uribe in a rundown.

Kershaw's string of consecutive outs began after Rickie Weeks' bloop double leading off the second.

Milwaukee's only other hits were one-out singles in the first by Jean Segura and Ryan Braun. It was the left-hander's fifth game with at least 12 strikeouts.

Kershaw began the season with 4-0 and 1-0 wins over San Francisco and Pittsburgh, allowing no runs over 16 innings. On opening day, he threw a complete-game four-hitter

Brandon League pitched a perfect ninth inning for his eighth save in nine chances.

Crawford drove Lohse's first pitch of the game over the center field fence. It was the fourth time that the right-hander gave up a home run to his first batter in 336 career starts - and the first one that came on his very first pitch. Crawford's second homer came on an 0-2 count and landed in the right field pavilion. It was his sixth multihomer game in the majors and first since July 8, 2010, for the Tampa Bay Rays against Cleveland's Jake Westbrook.

Lohse (1-2) gave up five hits and no walks while striking out four. The 13-year veteran had allowed only one home run in 25 innings over his first four starts for the Brewers, who signed him to a three-year, $33 million contract as a free agent on March 25.

NOTES: Kershaw threw 117 pitches. The other leadoff homers Lohse has given up were by Jose Valentin (2001), Chuck Knoblauch (2002) and Jayson Werth (2011). ... Ramon Hernandez made his fourth start behind the plate for the Dodgers. His other three came in LHP Hyun-Jin Ryu's last three starts. ... Lohse reached the 2,000-inning mark for his 13-year career when he retired Kershaw on a grounder to shortstop to end the second. ... Lohse, coming off a 7-1 win last Monday at San Diego, hasn't won consecutive road starts since last April against Cincinnati and Pittsburgh. ... Dodgers LHP Ted Lilly makes his second start on Monday night in the opener of a three-game series with Colorado. He is 4-0 with a 2.15 ERA in four career starts against the Rockies at Dodger Stadium, including a two-hit shutout with 11 strikeouts on Aug. 19, 2010. ... Brewers RHP Yovani Gallardo will pitch the opener of a three-game set against Pittsburgh on Monday at Miller Park. He is 6-0 with a 2.18 ERA in his last seven starts overall against the Pirates.

? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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PHOENIX (AP) - Gerardo Parra tripled and scored twice, and Josh Wilson had a run-scoring double to help lead the Arizona Diamondbacks to a 4-2 win over the Colorado Rockies on Sunday.

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Sunday, April 28, 2013

Two police officers shot as Italian government sworn in

ROME (Reuters) - Two police officers were shot and wounded outside the Italian prime minister's office on Sunday as Enrico Letta's new government was being sworn in around a kilometer (mile) away at the president's palace, police and witnesses said.

One man, described by witnesses as well dressed, was arrested at the scene of the shooting where a crowd was waiting for Letta to arrive but it was initially unclear whether the attack was linked to the launch of the new government.

"We still have to understand who he is. He's been caught," Antonio Catricala, a cabinet undersecretary in the former government told reporters.

A police official told Reuters that the man was from the southern region of Calabria and having fired several shots at the two police on duty outside the prime minister's office, he shouted "shoot me, shoot me" to other police nearby.

Letta and his new cabinet were due to come to the prime minister's office to accept a transfer of power from the outgoing government of Mario Monti at 1 p.m. (7:00 a.m. EDT).

One of the officers was shot in the neck and was in a serious condition, a police official said. Another was hit in the leg and was less seriously hurt. Italian media said a passer-by had also been injured but not seriously.

Five or six shots were fired and police had found five spent shells from a small caliber weapon, another official said.

Letta, 46, the moderate deputy head of the Democratic Party (PD), on Saturday ended two months of political stalemate since February's inconclusive election when he brought together former political rivals in a broad coalition government.

Letta's ministers stepped forward one by one to swear allegiance to the republic before President Giorgio Napolitano, who personally picked Letta as prime minister and had a central role in the choice of his cabinet team.

(Reporting by Gavin Jones, Antonella Cinelli, Roberto Landucci; Editing by James Mackenzie and Mark Heinrich)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/italian-government-under-enrico-letta-sworn-094720376.html

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Friday, April 26, 2013

The Rule I Live By When It Comes To Food - MindBodyGreen.com

When it comes to food, I?ve found that keeping things simple and fun is the way to go, both for me and my family.?

When I was younger, I'd say things like, "I don?t eat bread. I don?t eat pasta."?

I don?t, I don?t, I don?t?.

But in my 30s, I realized how long life is. Was I really going to deprive myself of those things for the rest of my life? So these days, I strive to find a balance between eating healthy foods, and enjoying my life.What works for me is to keep it pretty basic. If you open my refrigerator, you?ll find anything I can use to make a salad: kale, lettuce, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. I love artichoke hearts, too?you can throw them in a salad or put them on chicken.?I also make wheat-free and gluten-free pizza, using olive tapenade, artichoke hearts, and raw cheese. Then I put a salad on top.

As for coffee, it?s not for me. I don?t have a health issue with it. (My husband is a religious coffee-drinker.) But I used to make coffee for my parents when I was very young and I remember thinking that I didn?t want to get to the point where I couldn't get out of bed without a certain drink.?

I don?t eat fast food or fried things, but if I?m at a restaurant that offers something unique, like homemade bread or a special dessert, I won't restrict myself. I find that the minute we feel like we can?t have something, we start to obsess about it and want to eat everything. So I allow myself those treats.?

If I notice that a particular indulgence is becoming a habit, I just pull the reins a bit and eat more healthy foods that make me feel great. I tell myself, ?I?m not *not* allowed to eat things. I?m just choosing to eat other things.??

It's a pretty easy rule to live by. ?

All in all, the food I put into my body is beautiful and tastes good, which supports my body, mind, and spirit. I enjoy life, and food is one way to help me do that.

That said, I don?t restrict their food too much. When you make really strict rules around food, kids go bonkers whenever they go anywhere outside of those guidelines; they?ll eat everything that they?ve been taught they can?t have.?

So I don?t make a big deal about food because I don?t want my kids to feel like they?re sneaking things or that food is some big issue. For example, overly processed foods aren?t part of our diet and don?t come into our house. But we do have a sweets drawer that has chocolate-covered almonds and other treats. If my kids have eaten a good dinner, they ask me if they can have something from the sweets drawer.

?

So my view on teaching children about eating well: just relax. Don?t create strict rules around food or physical activity. Help kids respect their bodies with a balance of healthy food and activity that lets them enjoy life.

To learn more about my nutrition views make sure to pick up a copy of my new book My Foot Is Too Big for the Glass Slipper. It's a fun, feel-good look inside my relationship and views on how to be a strong, healthy individual.?

Photo Credit: GabbyandLaird.com

Source: http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-9085/the-rule-i-live-by-when-it-comes-to-food.html

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